What is Pascal Programming Language ?

Pascal programming language












     Pascal is a computer programming language that is commonly used as an introduction to start learning algorithms and programming. Pascal is relatively easy to learn because the commands that are similar to the English language daily, such as begin, end, write, and read.Pascal is named after the French mathematician, Blaise Pascal. Pascal was developed by Niklaus Wirth in 1970, and is popularly used in the 1970s to the early 1990s. From the beginning of development, Pascal is designed for academic purposes. For that reason anyway Pascal is still used in many schools and universities around the world (including Indonesia). Pascal is also a programming language that is used in the National Science Olympiad (OSN) computer field.


Early Birth Pascal Programming Language

     Pascal is a computer programming language developed by Niklaus Wirth in 1968-1969 and published in 1970. Emil Niklaus Wirth is a lecturer, computer scientists and researchers Swiss nationality. Before making Pascal, he also developed a lot of other programming languages ​​in the 1960s such as Euler and Algol W.
The name was chosen to honor Pascal Blaise Pascal, a French mathematical scientist who in 1642 made the world's first mechanical calculator. This calculator became the forerunner of the modern computer.
     Niklaus Wirth originally designed the Pascal language to teach programming to students at the University ETH Zürich in Switzerland. Pascal in the design using structured programming which later became popular and widely used programming languages ​​thereafter. Along with the development of computer, Pascal language is also used for commercial applications.

     Since published by in 1970, the Pascal programming language began to be used by various universities in Europe and America. However, the compiler pascal (a type of program to execute commands Pascal language) is still limited to certain circles. Since that time the price of computers is still very expensive and usually only found in large companies or universities.
Pascal is a data-oriented programming language. Programmers can create their own data types (in addition to standard data types provided such as integer, real, char, and boolean). Nevertheless, pascal very strict rules. Each variable can only use a specific data type and must be declared in advance.
Unlike other programming languages ​​at the time, Pascal language similar to English language daily, making it easy for novice programmers to start making the program code.
Pascal language to compete with other programming languages ​​in that era, such as Algol, Basic, Fortran and C.


Pascal Language Features


     Pascal has several features that make it suitable for learning programming and to create commercial applications. Some of them are:
1.The default data type: Pascal has a standard data types commonly found in computer programming languages ​​such as Integer, Real, Character, and Boolean.
2.Data type formations: Pascal allows us to make formations defined data types themselves.
3.The rules are strict data types: Pascal restrict the use of data types strictly. We can only use one variable for any data type and variables must be declared in advance.
4.Supporting structural programming: Pascal language was designed with the concept of structured programming that supports sub program through functions and procedures
5.Having a variety of data structures: Pascal presents some data structures like Array, Record, File and Set.
6.Simple and expresif: Pascal much use commands in simple English, so it is easy to understand.
7.Supports object programming: While not much discussed, but Pascal also supports object-based programming, especially in the final version of the compiler.




Know Borland Turbo Pascal

     When it comes to the application to make use pascal program, the most famous is the Turbo Pascal.
Turbo Pascal compiler is made by an American company: Borland. Turbo Pascal is just one of many pascal compiler available. In the period from 1980, there are applications UCSD Pascal, Microsoft Pascal, and QuickPascal all of which are used to run the Pascal programming language.Occurrences Pascal Compiler: UCSD Pascal, Microsoft Pascal and Turbo Pascal

     Since its release in 1970, began to emerge various Pascal language compiler.
University of California, San Diego (UCSD) made one of the first Pascal compiler, the UCSD Pascal. The compiler is intended for UCSD's operating system itself, known as the UCSD p-System. UCSD p-System is one of the operating systems that can be selected when purchasing the IBM PC at the time, in addition to UCSD p-System, IBM also provides the PC with the operating system CP / M-86 and PC DOS from Microsoft (the forerunner to Windows).
     Seeing the development of Pascal, Microsoft also issued a product Microsoft Pascal. But because the price is relatively expensive, the compiler is not very popular, and was soon replaced by Microsoft QuickPascal to be able to compete with Turbo Pascal.
At that time, to run a program code (including Pascal), a programmer must write code in a text editor, then run (min-compile it) using a separate program. If you need additional libraries, it is necessary to perform the following, namely linker. Workflow pembutan This program is known as the edit / compile / link cycle.
     Philippe Kahn (an entrepreneur who recently founded a software company Borland in 1983) saw a business opportunity in the Pascal language and incorporate the edit, compile and link in a single product, namely Turbo Pascal. Borland, is a software company when it was based in Scotts Valley, California (now moved to Austin, Texas).
Turbo Pascal is a Pascal compiler revolutionary: a fast and inexpensive, especially when compared with the UCSD Pascal and Microsoft Pascal. As an illustration, the price pascal compiler when it ranges between $ 400 - $ 600, but Turbo Pascal sells for $ 45. In addition, Turbo Pascal is able to run the program code is much faster and requires less memory. Because Borland is using the word "turbo" for their artificial pascal compiler.
At the initial appearance, Turbo Pascal supports three operating systems, the CP / M, CP / M-86, and DOS.
     During the period 1983 - 1992, Borland released 10 versions of Turbo Pascal, consisting of 8 version for MS DOS, and two versions for Windows. Here is the release date of Turbo Pascal:

  1.  .Turbo Pascal 1 - November 20, 1983 - the first version, 64kb limit, CP / M-80, CP / M-86, DOS
  2.  .Turbo Pascal 2 - April 17, 1984 - 8087 support via optional compiler
  3.  .Turbo Pascal 3 - September 17, 1986 - overlays, 8087 compilers, compiler BCD
  4.  .Turbo Pascal 4 - November 20, 1987 - a separately compiled units
  5.  .Turbo Pascal 5 - August 24, 1988 - integrated debugging, dynamic overlays
  6.  .Turbo Pascal 5.5 - May 2, 1989 - supports the programming object
  7.  .Turbo Pascal 6 - October 23, 1990 - Released by the name of Turbo Vision
  8.  .Turbo Pascal for Windows 1.0 - February 13, 1991 - the first version for 16-bit Windows 3.0, Windows Object Library, Whitewater Resource Toolkit (WRT)
  9.  .Turbo Pascal for Windows 1.5 - June 8, 1992 - Windows 3.1, Resource Workshop, the last version for Windows.
  10.  .Turbo / Borland Pascal 7 - October 27, 1992 - DPMI 16/32 bit, the latest version for MS DOS


Referensi :
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_Pascal
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphi_(programming_language)
  • http://www.taoyue.com/tutorials/pascal/history.html
  • http://blogs.embarcadero.com/davidi/2008/11/17/39142
  • http://www.emsps.com/oldtools/borpasv.htm

Hopefully this article helps resolve the problem of understanding the programming language Pascal.
We can share his knowledge with relatives, friends, relatives, and the people around you.

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